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OSCE Minsk Group and three-decade failure to resolve Karabakh conflict

The late 20th century was defined by a seismic shift in global geopolitics. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the disintegration of the Eastern Bloc reshaped the map of the world, theoretically offering a path toward a more democratic and cooperative global order. Yet, for Azerbaijan, this era did not usher in peace. Instead, it marked the beginning of a painful chapter defined by Armenia’s irredentist policies and a blatant disregard for international law. While the world watched, 20 percent of Azerbaijani territory was occupied, and over a million people were forcibly expelled from their homes, becoming refugees and internally displaced persons in their own land.